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Glycerin Monostearate
Glycerol monostearate, also known as glyceryl monostearate or GMS, is a glycerol ester of stearic acid. It is a white or cream-colored waxy solid with a slight odor. GMS is composed of a glycerol molecule bound to one stearic acid molecule, and it is classified as both an emulsifier and a thickening agent. It is commonly used in the food industry, cosmetics, and various industrial applications.
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Functions and Characteristics
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- Physical State: GMS is a white or cream-colored waxy solid at room temperature. Its physical state contributes to its ease of handling and incorporation into formulations.
- Odor: GMS may have a slight odor, which is generally mild. The odor is usually not prominent and does not interfere significantly with the sensory attributes of the final product.
- Chemical Structure: It is composed of a glycerol molecule esterified with a stearic acid molecule. This chemical structure is key to its emulsifying and stabilizing properties.
- Hygroscopicity: GMS is hygroscopic, meaning it has the ability to attract and hold water molecules. This property is relevant in applications where moisture management is important.
- Emulsification: GMS acts as an emulsifier, facilitating the mixing and stabilization of water and oil-based ingredients in various formulations. In food products, it helps create stable emulsions, preventing separation.
- Texture Improvement: Glycerol monostearate enhances the texture of food products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In foods like ice cream and whipped toppings, it contributes to a smooth and creamy mouthfeel.
- Thickening Agent: As a thickening agent, GMS is used to increase the viscosity of formulations. This property is beneficial in creating desirable textures in products such as creams, lotions, and certain food items.
- Stabilization: GMS acts as a stabilizer in food products like margarine, preventing the separation of water and oil components. It contributes to the overall stability and consistency of the product.
Items | index |
appearance | Milk white solid powder |
(%) Glycerol monostearate content | 95MIN |
(°C) freezing point | 60-70 |
(g/100g) iodine value | 4.0MAX |
(mgKOH/g) acid value | 6.0MAX |
(w/%) free acid | 2.5MAX |
(w/%) Free glycerol | 2.5MAX |
Major Applications
Pharmaceutical Industry:
In pharmaceuticals, glycerol monostearate can be used as a binder and lubricant in the production of tablets and capsules.

Cosmetic Applications:
GMS is found in many cosmetic and personal care products such as lotions, creams, and makeup. It contributes to the formulation's texture, stability, and emollient properties.

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